Soal TOEFL Tentang Structure and Written Expression
Time: 25 minutes
This section tests your ability to recognize grammar and usage suitable for standard written English. This section is divided into two parts, each with its own directions.
Structure
Directions: Items in this part are incomplete sentences. Following each of these sentences, there are four words or phrases. You should select the one word or phrase-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-that best completes the sentence. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected.
Example 1
Pepsin __ an enzyme used in digestion.
(A) that
(B) is
(C) of
(D) being
This sentence should properly read “Pepsin is an enzyme used in digestion.” You should fill in (B) on your answer sheet.
Example II
__ large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina.
(A) There are no
(B) Not the
(C) It is not
(D) No
This sentence should properly read “No large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina.” You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet.
As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part.
- _ team sports require cooperation.
(A) Of all
(B) They are all
(C) All
(D) Why are all - Anyone who has ever pulled weeds from a garden _ roots firmly anchor plants to the soil.
(A) is well aware of
(B) is well aware that
(C) well aware
(D) well aware that - Centuries of erosion have exposed __ rock surfaces in the Painted Desert of northern Arizona.
(A) in colors of the rainbow
(B) colored like a rainbow
(C) rainbow-colored
(D) a rainbow’s coloring - The higher the temperature of a molecule, _
(A) the more energy it has
(B) than it has more energy
(C) more energy has it
(D) it has more energy - Frontier surgeon Ephraim MacDonald had to perform operations _ anesthesia.
(A) no
(B) not having
(C) without
(D) there wasn’t - __ young, chimpanzees are easily trained.
(A) When are
(B) When
(C) They are
(D) When they - A person of __ age may suffer from defects of vision.
(A) every
(B) some
(C) certain
(D) any - __ have settled, one of their first concerns has been to locate an adequate water supply.
(A) Wherever people
(B) There are people who
(C) Whether people
(D) People - If a bar magnet is _, the two pieces form two complete magnets, each with a north and south pole.
(A) broken
(B) broke
(C) breaking
(D) break - The type of plant and animal life living in and around a pond depends on the soil of the pond, _ , and the pond’s location.
(A) what the quality of the water is
(B) how is the water quality
(C) the quality of the water
(D) what is the water quality - Clifford Holland, _ civil engineer, was in charge of the construction of the first tunnel under the Hudson River.
(A) he was a
(B) a
(C) being a
(D) who, as a - _ parrots are native to tropical regions is untrue.
(A) That all
(B) All
(C) Why all
(D) Since all - A major concern among archaeologists today is the preservation of archaeological sites, _ are threatened by development.
(A) of which many
(B) many of them
(C) which many
(D) many of which - In 1775 Daniel Boone opened the Wilderness Trail and made the first settlements _ in Kentucky.
(A) possibly it was
(B) as possible
(C) possible
(D) it possible - Rarely _ seen far from water.
(A) spotted turtles
(B) spotted turtles are
(C) have spotted turtles
(D) are spotted turtles
Written Expression
Directions: The items in this part have four underlined words or phrases, (A), (B), (C), and (D). You must identify the one underlined expression that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then find the number of the question on your answer sheet and fill in the space corresponding to the letter.
Example 1
Lenses may to have either concave or convex shapes.
(A) to have
(B) concave
(C) or
(D) shapes
This sentence should read “Lenses may have either concave or convex shapes.” You should therefore select answer (A).
Example II
When painting a fresco, an artist is applied paint directly to the damp plaster of a wall.
(A) When
(B) is applied
(C) directly
(D) of a wall
This sentence should read “When painting a fresco, an artist applies paint directly to the damp plaster of a wall.” You should therefore select answer (B).
As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this section.
- Ceramics can be harder, light, and more resistant to heat than metals.
A = light
B = resistant
C = heat
D = metals - Not everyone realizes that the most largest organ of the human body is the skin.
A = Not everyone
B = that
C = most largest
D = human - Mold is extremely destruction to books in a library.
A = extremely
B = destruction
C = to books
D = a library. - Sidney Lanier achieved fame both as a poet or as a symphony musician.
A = achieved
B = as a
C = or
D = musician. - The horses used play polo are not of any special breed or of any definite size.
A = The horses
B = play
C = special
D = definite - A tapestry consists of a foundation weave, called the warp, which across are passed different colored threads, called the weft, forming decorative patterns.
A = consists of
B = which
C = colored
D = patterns. - The works of early American woodcarvers had many artistic qualities, but these craftsmen probably did not think of them as artists.
A = works
B = had many
C = did not
D = them - Perhaps mankind’s first important musical influence were the songs of birds.
A = first
B = musical
C = were
D = birds - The techniques of science and magic are quite different, but their basic aims-to understand and control nature-they are very similar.
A = magic
B = different
C = to understand
D = they are - It was in a cave near Magdalena, New Mexico, when the oldest known ears of cultivated corn were discovered.
A = when
B = oldest
C = known
D = discovered. - The fossil remains of much extinct mammals have been found in the tar pits at Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles.
A = much
B = mammals
C = found
D = in - Sharks can detect minute electrical discharges coming from its prey.
A = can detect
B = electrical
C = coming
D = its - A dark nebula consists of a cloud of interstellar dust enough dense to obscure the stars beyond it.
A = a cloud of
B = enough dense
C = to obscure
D = beyond - Commercially honey is heated and filtered in order to stabilize and clarify it.
A = Commercially
B = filtered
C = stabilize
D = it - The various parts of the body require so different surgical skills that many surgical specialties have developed.
A = various
B = so
C = surgical
D = many - One reason birds have been so successful is because of their able to escape from danger quickly.
A = have been
B = because of
C = able
D = able - The wood of the rosewood tree is used to do fine musical instruments.
A = wood
B = is used
C = do
D = musical - Chemical engineering is based on the principles of physics, chemists, and mathematics.
A = on
B = principles
C = chemists
D = mathematics. - Ballet performers must be believable actors and actresses as well as experts dancers.
A = must be
B = actors
C = as well
D = experts - Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is exactly almost the same size as the Earth.
A = the second
B = from
C = exactly almost
D = same size as - P T. Barnum opened his own circus in 1871 and become the most famous showman of his time.
A = his own
B = become
C = most famous
D = time - The way a child plays with other children reveals a lots about the child’s emotional development.
A = plays with
B = a lots
C = the child’s
D = development. - Sheep have been domesticated for over 5,000 years ago.
A = have been
B = domesticated
C = over
D = years ago. - Chemical compounds with barium, cobalt, and strontium are responsible to many of the vivid colors in fireworks.
A = with
B = are
C = to
D = colors - Duke University in North Carolina has an outstanding collecting of documents concerning Southern history.
A = has
B = collecting
C = concerning
D = history.
THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 2.
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 2 ONLY. DO NOT READ jOR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.
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