Soal TOEFL & Pembahasan 02

1. What researcher found was that either having breakfast and changing normal routine of eating caused people to lose weight.

2. Higher levels of cortisol in the morning is just part of human body’s natural rhythm.

3. Skipping breakfast disrupted the circadian rhythms of both groups and lead to larger spikes in blood glucose levels after eating.

4. For those who eat dinner later, their risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease go through the roof.

5. Both master clock in the brain or separate clock in every organ are human’s circadian clock.

6. Everybody start the day differently, and those individual differences, particularly in glucose function, need to be researched more closely.

7. There are a lot of unclear information about how much water to drink as it is likely from misinterpretations of two pieces of guidance from decades ago.

8. In 1945 the US Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council advised adults to consume one millilitre of liquid for every recommended calories of food.

9. The control of hydration is some of most sophisticated things we have develop in evolution, ever since ancestors crawled out of sea onto land.

10. Water is the healthier option since it has no calories, while other drinks also hydrate human body, including tea and coffee.

11. Those of us aiming for eight glasses of water per day are not doing themselves any harm.

12. Natural thirst mechanism of older people becomes less sensitive, and older people become more prone to dehydration of younger people.

13. Nurses and doctors in hospitals see severely dehydrated patients who have serious medical conditions or having not been able to drink for days.

14. Circadian clock in human body is set by two outside factor namely bright light exposure and our eating schedule.

15. The fibre and micronutrient intake, including of folate, vitamin C iron and calcium, were better in people who had breakfast regularly.

16. Intermittent fasting, which involves fasting overnight and into the next day, is gaining ground among people looking to lose or maintain their weight or their health improvement.

17. In 2018, Johanna Pakenham ran London Marathon, but she cannot remember most of it because she has drunk so much water during the race that she developed over-hydration.

18. Drinking enough to avoid dehydration mild  helps support brain function and our ability to do simple tasks, such as problem-solving.

19. Vitamin D appears to reduce levels of a biochemical that causes inflammation called interleukin-6, associating with the severe breathing difficulties seen in the disease.

20. Although staying inside may have reduced our chances of being exposed to coronavirus, it may have had a less obvious effect on our immune systems by leaving us more vulnerable to another infections.

21. Early experiments of Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson is some of the few recorded cases of high protein intake having extreme adverse effects.

22. Researchers found that a decline in salt intake by 1.4g per day was likely to have contribute to a fall in blood pressure.

23. If breakfast alone is not a guarantee of weight loss, the researchers should explain why there is a link between obesity with skipping breakfast.

24. For muscles to grow more strong, the proteins need to rebuild in which a type of amino acid called leucine plays a particularly big part in triggering protein synthesis.

25. Sodium, the key element found in salt, is essential for our bodies to maintain its overall fluid balance, transportation of oxygen and nutrients, and allow our nerves to pulse with electricity.